New York Times, Feb. 18, 2018
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Excerpt
In September 1796, George Washington, weary of partisan combat just eight years after the ratification of the Constitution and the founding of the nation, wrote a farewell address explaining why he would not seek a third term. His message is worth remembering in our current political moment.
In elaborate and thoughtful prose, Washington raised red flags about disunity,[JB emphasis] false patriotism, special interests, extreme partisanship, fake news, the national debt, foreign alliances and foreign hatreds. With uncanny foresight, he warned that the most serious threat to our democracy might come from disunity within the country rather than interference from outside. And he foresaw the possibility of foreign influence over our political system and the rise of a president whose ego and avarice would transcend the national interest, raising the threat of despotism.
Washington certainly had great confidence, but in his address he didn’t brag
about his accomplishments. On the contrary, he beseeched the Almighty to soften
the impact of his errors and expressed hopes that the country would forgive them.
He established a standard for presidential self-deprecation out of the fear that a
president of grossly inflated ego could become a threat to democracy.
He cautioned against both overly friendly alliances (lest another country’s
interests and wars become our own) and excessive hatreds (lest we provoke
unnecessary conflict and war with others). Forbearance in the use of power was
another of his major themes. “A free country should inspire caution in those
entrusted with its administration, to confine themselves within their respective
constitutional spheres, avoiding in the exercise of the powers of one department to
encroach upon another,” he declared. Such encroachment, he said, would lead to the
consolidation of power and create “a real despotism.”
Some of Washington’s most prescient warnings were about the dangers of factionalism. He wrote that should one group, “sharpened by the spirit of revenge,”gain domination over another, the result could be “a more formal and permanent despotism.” The despot’s rise would be fueled by “disorders and miseries” that would gradually push citizens “to seek security and repose in the absolute power of an individual.”
“Sooner or later,” he concluded, “the chief of some prevailing faction, more able and more fortunate than his competitors, turns this disposition to the purpose of his own elevation on the ruins of public liberty.”
As if envisioning the political tribalism and 24/7 cable news culture of today, he urged political leaders to restrain “the continual mischiefs” of political parties.
The “spirit of party,” he wrote, “serves always to distract the public councils and enfeeble the public administration. It agitates the community with ill-founded jealousies and false alarms, kindles the animosity of one part against another, foments occasionally riot and insurrection.”
And then he arrived at one of his greatest concerns: The ways in which
hyperpartisanship could open the door “to foreign influence and corruption, which
find a facilitated access to the government itself through the channels of party
passions. Thus the policy and the will of one country are subjected to the policy and
will of another. ...
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